Chapter 1 Introduction
  1.1  The concept and classification of physical pollution
    1.1.1  The concept and classification of noise
    1.1.2  Vibration
    1.1.3  Radioactivity
    1.1.4  Electromagnetic radiation
    1.1.5  Thermal pollution
    1.1.6  Light pollution
  1.2  The harm of physical pollution
    1.2.1  Noise hazard
    1.2.2  Vibration hazard
    1.2.3  Radiological hazard
    1.2.4  Electromagnetic radiation hazard
    1.2.5  Thermal pollution hazards
    1.2.6  Light pollution hazards
  Exercises
Chapter 2 Basic Knowledge of Sound Waves
  2.1  The generation and propagation of sound waves
  2.2  Basic physical quantities used to describe sound waves
  2.3  Sound pressure, sound energy, sound intensity, sound power
    2.3.1  Sound pressure
    2.3.2  Sound energy
    2.3.3  Sound intensity
    2.3.4  Sound power
  2.4  Sound level concept and sound level calculation
    2.4.1  Definition of decibel
    2.4.2  Definitions of sound pressure level, sound intensity level, and sound power level
    2.4.3  The relationship between sound intensity level and sound pressure level
    2.4.4  The relationship between sound power level and sound intensity level
    2.4.5  The relationship between sound power level and sound pressure level
    2.4.6  The superposition of sound waves
    2.4.7  Sound level calculation
  2.5  Propagation characteristics of sound waves
    2.5.1  Reflection, transmission, and refraction of sound waves
    2.5.2  Diffraction of sound waves
  2.6  The attenuation of sound in propagation
    2.6.1  Acoustic divergence attenuation
    2.6.2  Additional attenuation of air absorption
    2.6.3  Additional attenuation of ground absorption
    2.6.4  The influence of meteorological conditions on sound propagation
  2.7  Noise spectrum
    2.7.1  Octave
    2.7.2  Spectral analysis
  Exercises
Chapter 3 Noise Evaluation and Criteria
  3.1  Evaluative quantities of noise
    3.1.1  Equal loudness curve, loudness and loudness levels
    3.1.2  Stevens loudness
    3.1.3  Weighted sound levels and weighted networks
    3.1.4  A sound level
    3.1.5  Equivalent A sound level
    3.1.6  Day - night equivalent sound level
    3.1.7  Cumulative percent sound level
    3.1.8  Traffic noise index(TNI)
    3.1.9  Noise pollution level
    3.1.10  Noise rating number(NR)curve
    3.1.11  Noise level and perceived noise level
    3.1.12  Noise impingement index(NII)
    3.1.13  Noise masking
    3.1.14  Language clarity index and language interference level
  3.2  Environmental noise regulations and standards
    3.2.1  Environmental noise pollution prevention and control law
    3.2.2  Product noise standards
    3.2.3  Occupational health standard
    3.2.4  Design specification for noise control in industrial enterprises
    3.2.5  Sound quality standard
    3.2.6  Noise emission standards
  Exercises
Chapter 4 Noise Measurement Technology
  4.1  Noise measuring instruments
    4.1.1  Sound level meter
    4.1.2  Spectrum analyzer and filter
    4.1.3  Level recorder
    4.1.4  Recording device
    4.1.5  Noise statistical analyzer
  4.2  Noise measurement methods
    4.2.1  Road traffic noise measurements
    4.2.2  Measurement of environmental noise in urban areas
    4.2.3  Plant noise measurement
    4.2.4  Measurement of environmental noise from production in enterprises
    4.2.5  Measurement of machine noise in the workshop
    4.2.6  Measurement of intake and exhaust noise
    4.2.7  Motor vehicle noise measurement
  4.3  Measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of acoustic materials
    4.3.1  Measurement of ungauged incident sound absorption coefficients of sound - absorbing materials by the reverberation
chamber method
    4.3.2  Measurement of vertical incident sound absorption coefficients of sound - absorbing materials by the standing wave tube
method
  Exercises
Chapter 5 Noise Pollution Control Technology
  5.1  Basic principles and methods of noise control
    5.1.1  Control noise from sound source
    5.1.2  Transmission path control
    5.1.3  Protection of the receiver
  5.2  General principles of noise control
  5.3  Basic procedures of noise control
  5.4  Noise source analysis
    5.4.1  Mechanical noise
    5.4.2  Aerodynamic noise
    5.4.3  Electromagnetic noise
  5.5  Urban environmental noise control
    5.5.1  Classification of urban noise sources
    5.5.2  Urban environmental noise control measures
  Exercises
Chapter 6 Sound Absorption and Indoor Sound Fields
  6.1  Acoustic classification and sound absorption characteristics of materials
    6.1.1  Classification of sound - absorbing materials
    6.1.2  Sound absorption coefficient and amount
  6.2  Porous sound - absorbing material
    6.2.1  Structure characteristics and sound absorption mechanism of porous sound absorbing materials
    6.2.2  Sound absorption performance of porous sound absorbing materials and its influencing factors
  6.3  Resonant sound absorption structure
    6.3.1  Resonance sound absorption structure of thin film and thin plate
    6.3.2  Perforated plate resonant sound absorption construction
    6.3.3  Sound absorption structure of the microperforated plate
    6.3.4  Space sound absorber
    6.3.5  Sound - absorbing wedge
  6.4  Indoor sound field and sound absorption and noise reduction
    6.4.1  The sound energy density and pressure level in the diffused sound field
    6.4.2  Indoor sound absorption and noise reduction
    6.4.3  Reverberation time and its calculation
    6.4.4  Sound absorption handling precautions
    6.4.5  Sound absorption and noise reduction design program
  Exercises
Chapter 7 Sound Insulation Technology
  7.1  Evaluation of sound insulation
    7.1.1  Sound transmission coefficient
    7.1.2  Sound insulation
    7.1.3  Average sound insulation
    7.1.4  Airborne sound insulation index
  7.2  Sound insulation performance of single - layer homogeneous walls
    7.2.1  Law of mass for sound insulation of a single homogeneous wall
    7.2.2  Anastomotic effects
    7.2.3  Frequency characteristics of sound insulation by single homogeneous walls
  7.3  Sound insulation performance of double homogeneous partitions
    7.3.1  Principle of sound insulation in double partition walls
    7.3.2  Sound insulation characteristic curves for double walls
    7.3.3  Double wall resonance frequency
    7.3.4  Sound insulation of double walls
    7.3.5  Sound bridge
    7.3.6  Design considerations for double wall structures
  7.4  Sound - insulated rooms
    7.4.1  Calculation of average sound insulation of combined walls with doors and windows
    7.4.2  Sound insulation of windows and doors
  7.5  Acoustic enclosures
    7.5.1  Insertion loss of acoustic enclosures
    7.5.2  Acoustic enclosure design considerations
  7.6  Acoustic screens
    7.6.1  Sound insulation of acoustic screens
    7.6.2  Design points and considerations for acoustic screens
  Exercises
Chapter 8 Muffler
  8.1  Types, performance requirements, and evaluation of mufflers volume
    8.1.1  Types of mufflers
    8.1.2  Performance requirements for mufflers
    8.1.3  Muffler acoustic performance evaluation quantities
    8.1.4  Muffler pressure loss
  8.2  Resistive mufflers
    8.2.1  Muffling principle of resistive muffler
    8.2.2  Classification of resistive mufflers
    8.2.3  Calculation of muffling capacity of straight pipe mufflers
    8.2.4  High - frequency failure frequencies
    8.2.5  Effect of airflow on resistive mufflers
    8.2.6  Resistive muffler design
  8.3  Resistant mufflers
    8.3.1  Expansion chamber mufflers
    8.3.2  Resonant mufflers
  8.4  Impedance composite muffler
    8.4.1  Types of impedance composite mufflers
    8.4.2  Anechoic principles
    8.4.3  Impedance composite muffler design points
  8.5  Diffusion mufflers
    8.5.1  Jet noise
    8.5.2  Throttling and pressure - reducing mufflers
    8.5.3  Small hole injection mufflers
  8.6  Microperforated plate mufflers
    8.6.1  Anechoic principles and classification
    8.6.2  Calculation of anechoic volume
  8.7  Muffler design, manufacture, and installation applications
    8.7.1  Design of mufflers
    8.7.2  Installation of mufflers
  Exercises
Chapter 9 Vibration Pollution and Its Control
  9.1  Allowable vibration standards
    9.1.1  Local vibration standards
    9.1.2  Overall vibration standards
    9.1.3  Environmental vibration standards
  9.2  Vibration measurement methods and common instruments
    9.2.1  Accelerometer
    9.2.2  Vibration pre - amplifier
    9.2.3  Sensitivity calibration
    9.2.4  General vibration meter
  9.3  Vibration control techniques and methods
    9.3.1  Vibration source control
    9.3.2  Vibration transmission control process
    9.3.3  Measures for vibration control of anti - vibration objects
  9.4  Vibration isolation principle
    9.4.1  Vibration transmission and isolation
    9.4.2  Vibration isolation force transmission rate
    9.4.3  Vibration isolation design
    9.4.4  Vibration isolators and vibration isolation materials
  9.5  Vibration damping and damping materials
    9.5.1  Principle of damping vibration reduction
    9.5.2  Damping vibration absorption material
  Exercises
Chapter 10 Radioactive Pollution Control
  10.1  Introduction to radioactivity
    10.1.1  Atoms and atomic nuclei
    10.1.2  Radioactivity and isotopes
    10.1.3  Types of radioactive decay
    10.1.4  General law of radioactive decay
    10.1.5  Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter
  10.2  Radioactive sources in the environment
    10.2.1  Natural sources of radiation
    10.2.2  Artificial sources of radioactive contamination
    10.2.3  Dynamics of radioactive contamination in the natural environment
  10.3  Basic quantities and units of radiation dose
    10.3.1  Radioactive activity
    10.3.2  Absorbed dose
    10.3.3  Irradiation
    10.3.4  Dose equivalent
  10.4  Radiation dose from environmental radioactivity to the population
    10.4.1  Routes of environmental radioactive substances into the human body
    10.4.2  Normal exposure dose of natural radiation sources
    10.4.3  Radiation dose of artificial radiation sources
  10.5  Radiation protection
    10.5.1  Reduction of external radiation hazards
    10.5.2  Reduction of internal radiation hazards
  10.6  Radioactive waste
    10.6.1  Types of radioactive waste
    10.6.2  Management of high - level radioactive waste
    10.6.3  Waste isolation pilot plant
    10.6.4  Management of low - level radioactive waste
    10.6.5  Long - term management and containment
  Exercises
Chapter 11 Control of Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution
  11.1  The basic concept of electromagnetic field
    11.1.1  Electric and magnetic fields
    11.1.2  Electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation
    11.1.3  Radio frequency electromagnetic fields
  11.2  Units of measurement for electromagnetic pollution
    11.2.1  Radiation intensity
    11.2.2  Radiation dose
  11.3  Types of electromagnetic radiation pollution sources and transmission routes
    11.3.1  Types of electromagnetic pollution sources
    11.3.2  The transmission path of electromagnetic pollution
  11.4  Monitoring and standards of electromagnetic radiation
    11.4.1  Electromagnetic radiation monitoring
    11.4.2  Workplace electromagnetic radiation safety and health standards
    11.4.3  Environmental safety standards for electromagnetic radiation
  11.5  Control of electromagnetic radiation contamination
    11.5.1  Main protection measures for electromagnetic radiation
    11.5.2  Electromagnetic radiation protection of high - frequency equipment
    11.5.3  Electromagnetic radiation protection of radio and television transmitting stations
    11.5.4  Electromagnetic radiation protection of microwave equipment
    11.5.5  Management of electromagnetic radiation
  11.6  Evaluation of electromagnetic radiation pollution
    11.6.1  Main chapters and contents of the electromagnetic radiation environmental impact statement
    11.6.2  Scope and method of evaluation
  Exercises
Chapter 12 Thermal Pollution and Its Prevention
  12.1  Overview
    12.1.1  Thermal environment
    12.1.2  Types and causes of thermal pollution
  12.2  Effects of human activities on the thermal environment
    12.2.1  Greenhouse effect
    12.2.2  Heat island effect
  12.3  Water heat pollution sources and their prevention and control
    12.3.1  Sources of thermal pollution of water bodies
    12.3.2  Water thermal pollution prevention
  12.4  Pollution sources of atmospheric heat and their prevention and control
    12.4.1  Sources of atmospheric thermal pollution
    12.4.2  Prevention and control of atmospheric thermal pollution
  Exercises
Chapter 13 Light Pollution and Its Prevention and Control
  13.1  Summary
    13.1.1  Light environment
    13.1.2  Light pollution
  13.2  Fundamentals of optics
    13.2.1  Basic physical quantities of light
    13.2.2  Basic technical parameters of electric lamps
  13.3  Evaluation of light environmental quality
    13.3.1  Illuminance standard
    13.3.2  Illumination uniformity
    13.3.3  Spatial illumination
    13.3.4  Comfortable brightness ratio
    13.3.5  The influence of light color on the environment
    13.3.6  Sufficient sunshine time
  13.4  Prevention and control of light pollution
    13.4.1  Prevention and control of visible light pollution
    13.4.2  Infrared and ultraviolet pollution prevention and control
    13.4.3  Strengthen the management of light pollution
  Exercises
References