µ¼¶Á ҩѧרҵ֪ʶ±¸¿¼Ö¸µ¼
µÚÒ»²¿·Ö Ò©Àíѧ
µÚÒ»Õ ҩÎï´úл¶¯Á¦Ñ§
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©ÎïµÄÌåÄÚ¹ý³Ì
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©ÎïµÄËÙÂʹý³Ì
µÚ¶þÕ ҩÎïЧӦ¶¯Á¦Ñ§
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©ÎïµÄ×÷ÓÃ
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©ÎïµÄ×÷ÓûúÖÆ
µÚÈý½Ú Ò©Îï×÷ÓõÄÁ¿Ð§¹Øϵ
µÚËÄ½Ú Ó°ÏìÒ©Îï×÷ÓõÄÒòËØ
µÚÈýÕ ÍâÖÜÉñ¾ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÒ»½Ú ´«³öÉñ¾ÏµÍ³µÄÊÜÌå
µÚ¶þ½Ú ×÷ÓÃÓÚ´«³öÉñ¾ÏµÍ³µÄÒ©Îï
µÚÈý½Ú µ¨¼îÄÜϵͳ¼¤¶¯Ò©ºÍ×è¶ÏÒ©
µÚËÄ½Ú ÉöÉÏÏÙËØÄÜÉñ¾ÏµÍ³¼¤¶¯Ò©ºÍ×è¶ÏÒ©
µÚËÄÕ ¾Ö²¿Âé×íÒ©ºÍÈ«ÉíÂé×íÒ©
µÚÒ»½Ú ¾Ö²¿Âé×íÒ©
µÚ¶þ½Ú È«ÉíÂé×íÒ©
µÚÎåÕ ÖÐÊàÉñ¾ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÒ»½Ú ÕòÍ´Ò©
µÚ¶þ½Ú Õò¾²´ßÃßÒ©
µÚÈý½Ú ¿¹ñ²ðïÒ©Ó뿹¾ªØÊÒ©
µÚËÄ½Ú ¿¹¾«Éñ·ÖÁÑÖ¢Ò©
µÚÎå½Ú ¿¹ÒÖÓôÖ¢Ò©¡¢¿¹½¹ÂÇÖ¢Ò©ÓëÖÎÁÆË«ÏàÕÏ°Ò©
µÚÁù½Ú ÖÎÁÆÉñ¾ÍËÐÐÐÔ¼²²¡µÄÒ©Îï
µÚÁùÕ ÀûÄòÒ©ÓëÍÑˮҩ
µÚÒ»½Ú ÀûÄòÒ©
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÍÑˮҩ
µÚÆßÕ ÐÄѪ¹ÜϵͳҩÎï
µÚÒ»½Ú ¿¹¸ßѪѹҩ
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¿¹ÐĽÊÍ´Ò©
µÚÈý½Ú ¿¹³äѪÐÔÐÄÁ¦Ë¥½ßÒ©
µÚËÄ½Ú ¿¹ÐÄÂÉʧ³£Ò©
µÚÎå½Ú µ÷Ѫ֬ҩÓ뿹¶¯ÂöÖàÑùÓ²»¯Ò©
µÚ°ËÕ ½âÈÈÕòÍ´¿¹Ñס¢¿¹·çʪ²¡Ò©Ó뿹ʹ·çÒ©
µÚÒ»½Ú ½âÈÈÕòÍ´¿¹Ñ×Ò©
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¿¹·çʪ²¡Ò©
µÚÈý½Ú ¿¹Í´·çÒ©
µÚ¾ÅÕ ӰÏìÃâÒß¹¦ÄܵÄÒ©ÎïºÍ×é°·ÊÜÌåÞ׿¹Ò©
µÚÒ»½Ú Ó°ÏìÃâÒß¹¦ÄܵÄÒ©Îï
µÚ¶þ½Ú ×é°·ÊÜÌåÞ׿¹Ò©
µÚʮՠÄÚ·ÖÃÚ¡¢ÉúÖ³Óë´úлҩÀíѧ
µÚÒ»½Ú ÌÇƤÖʼ¤ËØÀàÒ©Îï
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÒȵºËؼ°¿Ú·þ½µÑªÌÇÒ©
µÚÈý½Ú ¼××´ÏÙ¼¤ËØÓ뿹¼××´ÏÙÒ©
µÚËÄ½Ú ÐÔ¼¤ËØÀàÒ©¼°±ÜÔÐÒ©
µÚÎå½Ú Ó°ÏìÆäËû´úлµÄÒ©Îï
µÚʮһÕ ºôÎü¡¢Ïû»¯ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÒ»½Ú ºôÎüϵͳҩÎï
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ïû»¯ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÊ®¶þÕ ѪҺϵͳ¼²²¡ÓÃÒ©
µÚÒ»½Ú ¿¹ÄýѪҩ¡¢¿¹ÑªÐ¡°åÒ©¡¢ÏËάµ°°×ÈܽâÒ©
µÚ¶þ½Ú ´ÙÄýѪҩ
µÚÈý½Ú ѪÈÝÁ¿À©³äÒ©¼°¿¹Æ¶ÑªÒ©
µÚÊ®ÈýÕ »¯Ñ§ÖÎÁÆÒ©Îï
µÚÒ»½Ú ¿¹¾úÒ©Îï
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¿¹²¡¶¾Ò©
µÚÈý½Ú ¿¹¼ÄÉú³æÒ©
µÚËÄ½Ú ¿¹¶ñÐÔÖ×ÁöÒ©
µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö Ò©¼Áѧ
µÚÒ»Õ Ð÷ÂÛ
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©¼Áѧ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©ÎïÖƼÁµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ
µÚ¶þÕ ҩÎïÈܽ⡢Èܳö¼°ÊÍ·Å
µÚÒ»½Ú Èܽâ¶È
µÚ¶þ½Ú µÈÉøÓëµÈÕÅ
µÚÈý½Ú ÈܳöÓëÊÍ·Å
µÚÈýÕ ±íÃæ»îÐÔ¼Á
µÚÒ»½Ú ±íÃæ»îÐÔ¼ÁµÄÖÖÀà
µÚ¶þ½Ú ±íÃæ»îÐÔ¼ÁµÄÐÔÖÊ
µÚÈý½Ú ±íÃæ»îÐÔ¼ÁµÄÓ¦ÓÃ
µÚËÄÕ ΢Á£·ÖÉ¢Ìåϵ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú ΢Á£·ÖÉ¢ÌåϵµÄÎïÀí»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʼ°Îȶ¨ÐÔ
µÚÎåÕ ҺÌåÖƼÁµÄµ¥Ôª²Ù×÷
µÚÒ»½Ú ÖÆÒ©ÓÃË®µÄÖƱ¸
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¹ýÂË
µÚÈý½Ú Ãð¾úÓëÎÞ¾ú²Ù×÷
µÚÁùÕ ҺÌåÖƼÁ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¾ùÏàÒºÌåÖƼÁ
µÚÈý½Ú ·Ç¾ùÏàÒºÌåÖƼÁ
µÚËÄ½Ú ÆäËûÒºÌåÖƼÁ
µÚÆßÕ עÉä¼Á
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú ×¢Éä¼ÁµÄÖƱ¸¡¢ÖÊÁ¿¿ØÖƼ°¾ÙÀý
µÚÈý½Ú ´óÈÝÁ¿×¢ÉäÒº¼°×¢ÉäÓÃÎÞ¾ú·ÛÄ©
µÚ°ËÕ ¹ÌÌåÖƼÁ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ƭ¼Á
µÚÈý½Ú ½ºÄÒ¼Á
µÚËÄ½Ú É¢¼Á
µÚÎå½Ú ¿ÅÁ£¼Á
µÚÁù½Ú µÎÍè¼Á
µÚÆß½Ú Ä¤¼Á
µÚ¾ÅÕ Ƥ·ôµÝÒ©ÖƼÁ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú Èí¸à¼Á¡¢Èé¸à¼Á
µÚʮՠð¤Ä¤µÝҩϵͳ
µÚÒ»½Ú ·Îð¤Ä¤µÝÒ©
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ö±³¦ð¤Ä¤µÝÒ©
µÚÈý½Ú ÑÛ¡¢¿ÚÇ»¡¢±Çð¤Ä¤µÝÒ©
µÚʮһÕ »º¿ØÊÍÖƼÁÓë°ÐÏòÖƼÁ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¿Ú·þ»º¿ØÊÍÖƼÁ
µÚÈý½Ú ×¢ÉäÓûº¿ØÊÍÖƼÁ
µÚËÄ½Ú °ÐÏòÖƼÁ
µÚÊ®¶þÕ ÏÖ´úÖÐÒ©ÖƼÁÓëÉúÎïÖÆÆ·
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©²ÄµÄ½þÌá
µÚ¶þ½Ú ³£ÓÃÖÐÒ©ÖƼÁ
µÚÈý½Ú ÉúÎïÖÆÆ·
µÚÈý²¿·Ö Ò©Îﻯѧ
µÚÒ»Õ ÐÂÒ©µÄÑо¿
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©ÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§½á¹¹ÓëÉúÎï»îÐԵĹØϵ
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ç°Ò©Éè¼Æ
µÚ¶þÕ ҩÎï´úл·´Ó¦
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©Îï´úлµÄø
µÚ¶þ½Ú µÚ¢ñÏàµÄÉúÎïת»¯
µÚÈý½Ú µÚ¢òÏàµÄÉúÎïת»¯
µÚÈýÕ Éñ¾ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÒ»½Ú ÖÐÊàÉñ¾ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÍâÖÜÉñ¾ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚËÄÕ ѻ·ºÍÏû»¯ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÒ»½Ú Ñ»·ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ïû»¯ÏµÍ³Ò©Îï
µÚÎåÕ ½âÈÈÕòÍ´Ò©¡¢·ÇçÞÌ忹Ñ×Ò©
µÚÒ»½Ú ½âÈÈÕòÍ´Ò©
µÚ¶þ½Ú ·ÇçÞÌ忹Ñ×Ò©
µÚÁùÕ ¿¹Ö×ÁöÒ©
µÚÆßÕ ¿¹¸ÐȾҩ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¿¹ÉúËØ
µÚ¶þ½Ú ºÏ³É¿¹¾úÒ©Îï¼°ÆäËû¿¹¸ÐȾҩÎï
µÚ°ËÕ ÆäËûÀàÒ©ÎïµÄ»ã×Ü
µÚËIJ¿·Ö Ò©Îï·ÖÎöѧ
µÚÒ»Õ ÎÒ¹úÒ©Æ·¹ÜÀí·¨¹æÓëÒ©Æ·±ê×¼
µÚÒ»½Ú ÎÒ¹úÒ©Æ·¹ÜÀí·¨¹æ
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Æ·±ê×¼
µÚ¶þÕ ҩƷÖÊÁ¿Ñо¿µÄÄÚÈÝ
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©Æ·±ê×¼ÊõÓï
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Æ·ÖÊÁ¿Ñо¿
µÚÈý½Ú Ò©Æ·¼ìÑé
µÚÈýÕ ҩÎïµÄ¼ø±ðÊÔÑé
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¼ø±ð·½·¨
µÚËÄÕ ҩÎïµÄÔÓÖʼì²é
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÔÓÖʵļì²é·½·¨
µÚÈý½Ú Ò©ÎïÖÐÒ»°ãÔÓÖʵļì²é
µÚÎåÕ ҩÎïµÄº¬Á¿²â¶¨Óë·ÖÎö·½·¨µÄÑéÖ¤
µÚÒ»½Ú ¶¨Á¿·ÖÎö·½·¨
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Îï·ÖÎö·½·¨µÄÑéÖ¤
µÚÈý½Ú ·ÖÎöÑùÆ·µÄÖƱ¸
µÚÁùÕ ÌåÄÚÒ©Îï·ÖÎö
µÚÒ»½Ú ÌåÄÚÑùÆ·µÄÖÖÀ༰´¢´æ
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÌåÄÚÑùÆ·´¦Àí
µÚÆßÕ µäÐÍÒ©ÎïµÄ·ÖÎö
µÚÎ岿·Ö ҩʹÜÀíÓë·¨¹æ
µÚÒ»Õ ҩƷ¼à¶½¹ÜÀí
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©Æ·±ê×¼
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Æ·¼à¶½¹ÜÀí»ú¹¹
µÚÈý½Ú Ò©Æ·ÖÊÁ¿¼à¶½¼ìÑé
µÚ¶þÕ ҩƷ¹ÜÀíÖƶÈ
µÚÒ»½Ú »ù±¾Ò½ÁƱ£ÕÏÖƶÈ
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¹ú¼Ò»ù±¾Ò©ÎïÖƶÈ
µÚÈý½Ú Ò©Æ··ÖÀà¹ÜÀíÖƶÈ
µÚÈýÕ ҩƷÉú²ú¹ÜÀíºÍÒ©Æ·¾Óª¹ÜÀí
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©Æ·ÑÐÖÆÓëÉú²ú¹ÜÀí
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Æ·¾Óª¹ÜÀí
µÚËÄÕ ҩƷʹÓùÜÀíºÍÖÐÒ©¹ÜÀí
µÚÒ»½Ú ҩƷʹÓùÜÀí
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÖÐÒ©¹ÜÀí
µÚÎåÕ ÌØÊâ¹ÜÀíÒ©Æ·µÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚÒ»½Ú Âé×íÒ©Æ·¡¢¾«ÉñÒ©Æ·µÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò½ÁÆÓö¾ÐÔÒ©Æ·µÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚÈý½Ú Ò©Æ·ÀàÒ×Öƶ¾»¯Ñ§Æ·µÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚËÄ½Ú º¬ÌØÊâÒ©Æ·¸´·½ÖƼÁµÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚÎå½Ú Ð˷ܼÁµÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚÁù½Ú ÒßÃçµÄ¹ÜÀí
µÚÁùÕ ҩƷÉÏÊкóÔÙÆÀ¼ÛÓë¼à²â¹ÜÀí
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©Æ·ÉÏÊкó¹ÜÀíÓëÒ©Æ·²»Á¼·´Ó¦¼à²â
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Æ·ÕٻعÜÀí
µÚÆßÕ ҩƷÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀíºÍÒ©Æ·¹ã¸æ¹ÜÀí
µÚÒ»½Ú Ò©Æ·°ü×°¡¢ËµÃ÷ÊéºÍ±êÇ©¹ÜÀí
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ò©Æ·¹ã¸æ¹ÜÀí
µÚ°ËÕ ¼ÙÒ©ºÍÁÓÒ©
µÚÒ»½Ú Éú²ú¡¢ÏúÊÛ¡¢Ê¹ÓüÙÒ©µÄ·¨ÂÉÔðÈÎ
µÚ¶þ½Ú Éú²ú¡¢ÏúÊÛ¡¢Ê¹ÓÃÁÓÒ©µÄ·¨ÂÉÔðÈÎ
¸½Â¼ ҩѧרҵ֪ʶ´ó´®½²
µ¼¶Á ҩѧרҵ֪ʶ±¸¿¼Ö¸µ¼
Ò»¡¢¸Å¿ö
½üÄêÀ´£¬¸÷µØÒ½ÁÆÎÀÉúϵͳÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÕÐƸҩѧרҵÈËÊýÖðÄêÔö¼Ó£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ»ù²ãÒ½ÁÆ»ú¹¹¡£Ò½ÁÆÎÀÉúϵͳÕÐƸ¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±¿¼ÊÔÒ»°ãÓɸ÷µØÎÀÉúÖ÷¹Ü²¿ÃÅͳһÃüÌâ»òÕÐƸµ¥Î»×ÔÖ÷ÃüÌ⣬ûÓÐͳһµÄ¿¼ÊÔ´ó¸ÙºÍ¿¼ÊԲο¼Ê飬ÇÒ¿¼ÊÔ¿ÆÄ¿¡¢¿¼²é·¶Î§¡¢¿¼ÊÔʱ¼ä¡¢ÌâÐÍ¡¢ÌâÁ¿µÈ¾ù²»¹Ì¶¨£¬¸÷µØ²îÒì½Ï´ó¡£
¶þ¡¢¿¼ÊÔÄÚÈÝ
ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ý¶Ô¸÷µØÀúÄêÕæÌâ½øÐзÖÎö£¬·¢ÏÖҩѧרҵ¿¼ÊÔÖ÷Òª¿¼²éÒ©Àíѧ¡¢Ò©¼Áѧ¡¢Ò©Îﻯѧ¡¢Ò©Îï·ÖÎö¼°Ò©Ê¹ÜÀíÓë·¨¹æ5¸ö¿ÆÄ¿µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÆäÖÐÖص㿼²éÒ©ÀíѧºÍÒ©¼Áѧ£¬Á½¿ÆÕ¼±È50%~70%¡£
Èý¡¢¿¼ÊÔÌâÐÍ¡¢ÌâÁ¿
´ó²¿·ÖÊ¡ÊеĿ¼²éÐÎʽÒԿ͹ÛÌâΪÖ÷£¬Ö÷ÒªÓе¥ÏîÑ¡ÔñÌâ¡¢¶àÏîÑ¡ÔñÌâºÍÅжÏÌâÈýÖÖÌâÐÍ£¬²¿·ÖÊ¡ÊлáÓмò´ðÌâ¡¢°¸Àý·ÖÎöÌâ¡¢Ãû´Ê½âÊ͵ÈÌâÐÍ£¬ÌâÁ¿ÔÚ70~110ÌâÖ®¼ä¡£
ËÄ¡¢±¸¿¼²ßÂÔ
±¸¿¼Ò½ÁÆÎÀÉúϵͳÕÐƸ¿¼ÊԵĿ¼Éú£¬Í¨³£»áÒòÏÈ×öÌ⻹ÊÇÏÈ¿´Êé°²ÅŲ»ÖܶøÓ°Ï챸¿¼¡£¶ÔÓÚʱ¼ä³äÔ£µÄ¿¼Éú£¬¿ÉÒÔÏÈ¿´Ò½ÁÆÎÀÉúϵͳ¸´Ï°²Î¿¼Êé½øÐÐϵͳ¸´Ï°£¬¶ÔÓÚËùÉæ¼°µÄרҵÊéÄ¿Ò»¶¨Òª¾«¶Á¡¢Ï¸¶Á£¬¹¹½¨ÍêÕûµÄ֪ʶÌåϵ£»È»ºóͨ¹ýÁ·Ï°´óÁ¿µÄÕæÌ⡢ģÄâÌ⣬ÊìϤ¿¼²é·½Ê½¼°³£¿¼¿¼µã£¬²éȱ²¹Â©£¬½øÒ»²½¹®¹Ì֪ʶµã¡£Ê±¼ä½ÏΪ½ôÕŵĿ¼Éú£¬¿ÉÖ±½ÓÕë¶ÔÕæÌ⣬·ÖÎö³ö¿¼ÊÔµÄÖص㡢Äѵ㣬×öµ½ÓÐÕë¶ÔÐԵظ´Ï°¡£
Îå¡¢×¢ÒâÊÂÏî
1.±¸¿¼Ê±¼ä£º¿¼ÊÔ±¸¿¼Ê±¼ä¶Ì£¬¶àÊýÊ¡·ÝºÍµØÇø´Ó·¢²¼Õп¼¹«¸æµ½±ÊÊÔ£¬Ò»°ãÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÔÂ×óÓÒµÄʱ¼ä¡£´ÓÒÔÍùµÄ¿¼Éú·´À¡ÖÐÁ˽⵽£¬¶àÊýÈË¿¼Ç°´æÔÚ¡°²»×ÔÖª£¬²»ÖªËû¡±µÄÎÊÌ⣬¼´²»ÄÜÕýÈ·ÅжÏ×Ô¼ºµÄ֪ʶˮƽ£¬²»Á˽⿼µã¡¢¿¼ÇéµÈ¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿¼ÉúÔÚÈ·¶¨²Î¼ÓÒ½ÁÆÎÀÉúϵͳÕÐƸ¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±¿¼ÊÔºó£¬Ó¦¸ÃÕë¶Ô×ÔÉíÇé¿ö£¬Öƶ©¸´Ï°¼Æ»®£¬ºÏÀíÀûÓÃʱ¼ä¡£
2.Õп¼¶¯Ì¬£º±¸¿¼¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¿¼ÉúÒª³ÖÐø¹Ø×¢±¨¿¼ÍøÕ¾£¬Á˽â×îп¼ÊÔÐÅÏ¢£¬¼°Ê±·¢Ïֱ仯£¬Îª´ÓÈÝÓ¦¿¼Ôö¼ÓÒ»·Ý±£ÕÏ¡£
3.±¸ºÃ²ÄÁÏ£º±¼¸°¿¼³¡Ö®Ç°£¬×¼±¸ºÃ¿¼³¡ËùÐèµÄËùÓÐÎïÆ·£¬ÒÔ·À¿¼Ç°ÊÖæ½ÅÂÒ¡£
Áù¡¢¸÷רҵ¿¼ÊÔÖصã
1.Ò©Àíѧ
£¨1£©³£¿¼Ò©Îë¹ûÜ¿Ïã¼î¡¢°¢ÍÐÆ·¡¢ÐÂ˹µÄÃ÷¡¢ÓлúÁ×Ëáõ¥Àà¡¢ÉöÉÏÏÙËØ¡¢Âé»Æ¼î¡¢ßßÌæड¢Ë®ºÏÂÈÈ©¡¢±½Í×Ó¢ÄÆ¡¢ÁòËáþ¡¢Âȱûມ¢·úÎ÷Í¡¡¢×óÐý¶à°Í¡¢ÂÝÄÚõ¥¡¢¸Ê¶´¼¡¢ÏõËá¸ÊÓÍ¡¢¿üÄᶡ¡¢ÇïË®ÏɼÒȵºËØ¡¢µâ¼Á¡¢´Æ¼¤ËØ¡¢ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ¡¢¼×ÑõÂÈÆÕ°·¡¢¸ÎËØ¡¢»ª·¨ÁÖ¡¢Î¬ÉúËØK¡¢ÒìÑÌë¡¢¼×Ïõßò¡¢¼×°±µûßÊ¡£
£¨2£©³£¿¼ÖªÊ¶µã£ºÒ©ÎïµÄתÔË·½Ê½¡¢Ò©ÎïµÄÌåÄÚ¹ý³Ì¡¢Ò©ÎïµÄËÙÂʹý³Ì¡¢Ò©¶¯Ñ§²ÎÊý¡¢Ò©Îï²»Á¼·´Ó¦¡¢¼¤¶¯¼ÁÓëÞ׿¹¼Á¡¢Ò©ÎïÏ໥×÷Óá¢àçàºÀàÀûÄòÒ©¡¢Ç¿ÐÄÜÕÀà¡¢·ÇçÞÌ忹Ñ×Ò©¡¢¿Ú·þ½µÌÇÒ©¡¢¿¹¹ÇÖÊÊèËÉÒ©¡¢¿¹Æ¶ÑªÒ©¡¢ÌØÊâʹÓü¶µÄ¿¹¾úÒ©Îʱ¼äÒÀÀµÐÍ¿¹¾úÒ©Îͷæß¾úËØÀ࿹¾úÒ©¡¢°±»ùÌÇÜÕÀ࿹¾úÒ©¡¢àŵͪÀ࿹¾úÒ©¡£
2.Ò©¼Áѧ
£¨1£©³£¿¼¸ÅÄÖƼÁ¡¢µÈÉøÓëµÈÕÅ¡¢ê¼µã¡¢Ç×Ë®Ç×ÓÍƽºâÖµ¡¢ÅäλÊý¡¢Ä¿¡£
£¨2£©³£¿¼¸¨ÁÏ£ºÓ²Ö¬Ëáþ¡¢·²Ê¿ÁÖ¡¢¦Â-»·ºý¾«¡¢Ë¨¼ÁµÄ»ùÖÊ¡¢¿¹Ñõ¼Á¡¢·À¸¯¼Á¡£
£¨3£©³£¿¼ÖªÊ¶µã£º¼ÁÐ͵ÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡¢Ò©Óø¨ÁϵÄ×÷Óá¢Ìá¸ßÒ©ÎïÖƼÁÎȶ¨ÐԵķ½·¨¡¢Ó°ÏìÒ©ÎïÈܽâ¶ÈµÄÒòËØ¡¢Ó°ÏìÒ©ÎïÈܳöËٶȵÄÒòËØ¡¢±íÃæ»îÐÔ¼ÁµÄ·ÖÀà¡¢±íÃæ»îÐÔ¼ÁµÄÓ¦ÓÃÓ붾ÐÔ¡¢¹ÌÌå·ÖÉ¢ÌåÔØÌ塢΢Á£·ÖÉ¢ÌåϵµÄ·ÖÀàºÍÐÔÖÊ¡¢Stokes¶¨ÂÉ¡¢ÖÆÒ©ÓÃË®µÄ¶¨Òå¼°Ó¦Ó÷¶Î§¡¢Ãð¾ú·½·¨¡¢ÒºÌåÖƼÁµÄ·ÖÀàºÍÌص㡢θµ°°×øºÏ¼Á¡¢»ìÐü¼ÁµÄÖÊÁ¿ÒªÇó¡¢Èé¼ÁµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡¢×¢Éä¼Á³£ÓõÄÒÖ¾ú¼Á¡¢×¢Éä¼ÁµÄÖƱ¸ºÍÖÊÁ¿¿ØÖÆ¡¢ÊäÒºµÄ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ¼°½â¾ö°ì·¨¡¢Æ¬¼ÁÖƱ¸Öеij£¼ûÎÊÌâ¼°ÔÒò¡¢²»ÒËÖƳɽºÄÒ¼ÁµÄÒ©Îï¡¢Ó°ÏìµÎÍè¼Á³ÉÐ͵ÄÒòËØ¡¢Ä¤¼ÁµÄÌص㡢Ƥ·ôµÝÒ©ÖƼÁµÄÌص㡢ÑÛ²¿ÎüÊÕ;¾¶¡¢»º¿ØÊÍÖƼÁµÄÓŵ㡢»º¿ØÊÍÔÀí°ÐÏòÖƼÁ¡¢Ò©²ÄµÄ½þÌá¡¢³¬ÁÙ½çÁ÷ÌåÌáÈ¡·¨µÈ¡£
3.Ò©Îﻯѧ
£¨1£©³£¿¼½á¹¹£ºÂð·ÈÀàÒ©ÎïµÄ¹¹Ð§¹Øϵ¡¢·ÇçÞÌ忹Ñ×Ò©µÄ½á¹¹·ÖÀà¡¢ßÁßòͪÀà¡¢Í黯¼ÁµÄ½á¹¹Ìص㡢°¢ÄªÎ÷ÁֵĽṹÌص㡢ÀûÄòÒ©µÄ½á¹¹Ìص㡢µ°°×ͬ»¯¼¤ËصĽṹÌصãµÈ¡£
£¨2£©³£¿¼ÖªÊ¶µã£º¹ÙÄÜÍÅÓëÒ©ÎïÇ×Ë®ÐÔºÍÊèË®ÐԵĹØϵ¡¢»¯Ñ§¼üµÄ×÷Óá¢Ç°Ò©¡¢µÚ¢ñÏàµÄÉúÎïת»¯¡¢µÚ¢òÏàµÄÉúÎïת»¯¡¢H1ÊÜÌåÞ׿¹¼ÁµÄ·ÖÀàºÍ´ú±íÒ©Îï¡¢¸ÆͨµÀ×èÖͼÁµÄ·ÖÀà¡£
4.Ò©Îï·ÖÎöѧ
£¨1£©³£¿¼¸ÅÄ³ÆÖØÓëÁ¿È¡¡¢×¼È·¶È¡¢¾«Ãܶȡ¢¼ì²âÏÞ¡¢ÐÅÔë±È¡¢¶¨Á¿ÏÞ¡¢ÏßÐÔ¡£
£¨2£©³£¿¼¼ì²é·½·¨Óë¼ø±ð·´Ó¦£ºÂÈ»¯ÎïµÄ¼ì²é¡¢ÌúÑμì²é¡¢ÖؽðÊô¼ì²é·¨¡¢ÉéÑμì²é·¨¡¢³ã×ƲÐÔü¼ì²é·¨¡¢Öصª»¯-żºÏ·´Ó¦¡¢°±»ù´¼µÄË«Ëõëå·´Ó¦¡¢ÓëÁòËá-ÖظõËá¼ØµÄ·´Ó¦¡¢ÁòÉ«ËØÓ«¹â·´Ó¦¡¢ÁòËáÁ´Ã¹ËØרÊô¼ø±ð·´Ó¦¡£
£¨3£©³£¿¼ÖªÊ¶µã£ºGLP¡¢GCP¡¢GMP¡¢GSP¡¢¹ú¼ÒÒ©Æ·±ê×¼¡¢¹úÄÚÍâÒ©µä¡¢Öü²Øζȡ¢Ò©ÎﰲȫÐÔ¼ì²éµÄÖ¸±ê¡¢Ò©Æ·¼ìÑé¡¢Ò©Îï¼ø±ðÊÔÑéµÄÄ¿µÄ¡¢Ò©ÎïÔÓÖʵķÖÀà¡¢Ò©ÎﺬÁ¿²â¶¨·½·¨¡¢É«Æ×·ÖÎö·¨¡¢ÑõƿȼÉÕ·¨¡¢ÌåÄÚÑùÆ·µÄÖÖÀ༰´¢´æ¡¢ÑÇÏõËáÄƵζ¨·¨²â¶¨Ò©ÎﺬÁ¿¡¢µâÁ¿·¨²â¶¨Î¬ÉúËØC×¢Éä¼ÁµÄº¬Á¿µÈ¡£
5.ҩʹÜÀíÓë·¨¹æ
£¨1£©Ò½ÔºÒ©Ê¹ÜÀí£º´¦·½Êéд¹æ·¶¡¢´¦·½ÏÞÁ¿¡¢ËIJéÊ®¶Ô¡¢´¦·½ÊÊÒËÐÔÉóºË¡¢Ò½ÁÆ»ú¹¹ÖƼÁ¡¢µÚÒ»ÀྫÉñÒ©Æ·µÄÆ·ÖÖ¡¢Âé×íÒ©Æ·ºÍ¾«ÉñÒ©Æ·¹ÜÀí¡¢¶¾ÐÔÒ©Æ·Î÷Ò©Æ·ÖÖ¡¢Ð˷ܼÁµÄ¹ÜÀí¡¢ÒßÃçµÄ¹ÜÀí¡¢±£½¡Ê³Æ·ÓëÆÕͨʳƷµÄÇø±ð¡¢Ò©Æ·²»Á¼·´Ó¦¼à²â±¨¸æ¡¢¸÷ÀàҩƷ˵Ã÷ÊéµÄÄÚÈÝ¡¢Ò©Îï±êÇ©ÖеÄÓÐЧÆÚ±êע˳Ðò¡£
£¨2£©·¨¹æ£ºÒ©Æ·±ê×¼¡¢Ò©Æ·¹ÜÀíÁ¢·¨¡¢Ò©Æ·¼à¶½¹ÜÀí»ú¹¹¡¢»ù±¾Ò½ÁƱ£ÕÏÖƶȡ¢¹ú¼Ò»ù±¾Ò©ÎïÖƶȡ¢Ò©Æ··ÖÀà¹ÜÀíÖƶȡ¢Ò©Æ·ÁÙ´²ÊÔÑéµÄ·ÖÆÚºÍÄ¿µÄ¡¢¹ú¼ÒÖص㱣»¤Ò°ÉúÒ©²ÄÎïÖÖ·Ö¼¶¡¢ÉêÇëÖÐÒ©Ò»¼¶±£»¤Æ·ÖÖÓ¦¾ß±¸µÄÌõ¼þ¡¢ÖÐÒ©¶þ¼¶±£»¤Æ·Öֵı£»¤ÆÚÏÞ¡¢Ò©Æ·Åú×¼ÎĺŸñʽ¡¢Ò©Æ·¾Óª·¶Î§¡¢Ò©Æ·¹ã¸æ¹ÜÀí¡¢Ò©Æ·ÕٻعÜÀí¡¢¼ÙÒ©ºÍÁÓÒ©µÈ¡£
×îºó£¬Í¨¹ýÒÔÉÏ·ÖÎö£¬Ï£Íû¿¼ÉúÄܳä·ÖÀûÓñ¾Êé½øÐб¸¿¼¸´Ï°£¬Ò²ÆÚÍû±¾ÊéÄܹ»°ïÖú´ó¼ÒÌá¸ßѧϰЧÂÊ£¬Ë³Àûͨ¹ý¿¼ÊÔ¡£
µÚÒ»²¿·Ö Ò©Àíѧ
µÚÒ»Õ ҩÎï´úл¶¯Á¦Ñ§
µÚÒ»½Ú?Ò©ÎïµÄÌåÄÚ¹ý³Ì
Ò»¡¢Ò©ÎïµÄתÔË·½Ê½
ÓÎÀëÐÍÒ©Îï±ØÐëͨ¹ýÉúÎïĤºó²ÅÄܵ½´ï×÷Óò¿Î»£¬´Ë¹ý³Ì³ÆΪҩÎïµÄ¿çĤתÔË¡£Ò©ÎïµÄתÔË·½Ê½Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨±»¶¯×ªÔË¡¢Ö÷¶¯×ªÔ˺ÍĤ¶¯×ªÔË¡£Ïê¼û±í1-1¡£
±í1-1?Ò©ÎïµÄתÔË·½Ê½¼°ÆäÌصã
תÔË·½Ê½ Ìصã תÔËÎïÖÊ
±»¶¯
תÔË ¼òµ¥À©É¢ ˳Ũ¶ÈÌݶÈתÔË£¬²»ÏûºÄÄÜÁ¿¡£·ÖΪ֬ÈÜÀ©É¢ºÍË®ÈÜÀ©É¢ ´ó¶àÊýÒ©Îï
Ò×»¯À©É¢ ˳Ũ¶ÈÌݶÈתÔË£¬²»ÏûºÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ÐèÒªÔØÌå»òͨµÀ½éµ¼£¬´æÔÚ±¥ºÍÏÖÏóºÍ¾ºÕùÐÔÒÖÖÆÏÖÏó¡£À©É¢Ëٶȱȼòµ¥À©É¢Òª¿ì ÆÏÌÑÌÇ¡¢°±»ùËá¼°Na+¡¢K+¡¢Ca2+Àë×ÓµÈ
Ö÷¶¯
תÔË Ô·¢ÐÔ
Ö÷¶¯×ªÔË ÄæŨ¶ÈÌݶÈתÔË£¬ÏûºÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ÐèÔØÌå²ÎÓ룬תÔËÓб¥ºÍÏÖÏóºÍ¾ºÕùÐÔÒÖÖÆÏÖÏó ÆÏÌÑÌÇ¡¢°±»ùËᡢˮÈÜÐÔάÉúËØÔÚС³¦ºÍÉöС¹ÜµÄÎüÊÕ£¬Na+±Ã¡¢K+±ÃµÈ
¼Ì·¢ÐÔ
Ö÷¶¯×ªÔË
Ĥ¶¯
תÔË °ûÒû ÓÐĤ±äÐΣ¬ÏûºÄÄÜÁ¿ µ°°×ÖÊ¡¢¶àëĵȴó·Ö×ÓÎïÖÊ
°ûÍÂ
¼òµ¥À©É¢ÖеÄÖ¬ÈÜÀ©É¢ÊÇÒ©ÎïתÔË×î³£¼û¡¢×îÖØÒªµÄÐÎʽ¡£³£¼ûÓ°Ïì¼òµ¥À©É¢µÄÒòËØÓУº¢ÙĤÁ½²àŨ¶È²î£»¢ÚÒ©ÎïµÄÖ¬ÈÜÐÔ£»¢ÛÒ©ÎïµÄ½âÀë¶È£»¢ÜÒ©ÎïËùÔÚ»·¾³µÄpH¡£
¾µäÕæÌâBCD
¡¾¶àÑ¡¡¿ÐèÒªÔØÌå»òͨµÀ½éµ¼µÄתÔË·½Ê½ÓУ¨??£©¡£
A.¼òµ¥À©É¢ B.Ò×»¯À©É¢
C.Ô·¢ÐÔÖ÷¶¯×ªÔË D.¼Ì·¢ÐÔÖ÷¶¯×ªÔË
¶þ¡¢Ò©ÎïµÄÎüÊÕ
1.¶¨Òå
ÎüÊÕÖ¸Ò©ÎïÓɸøÒ©²¿Î»½øÈëѪҺѻ·µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£
2.Ó°ÏìÒòËØ
£¨1£©Ò©ÎïµÄÀí»¯ÐÔÖÊ£ºÖ¬ÈÜÐÔ¡¢½âÀë¶È¡¢·Ö×ÓÁ¿¡£Ö¬ÈÜÐÔ´ó¡¢½âÀë¶ÈС¡¢·Ö×ÓÁ¿Ð¡µÄÒ©ÎïÒ×ÎüÊÕ¡£
£¨2£©¸øҩ;¾¶¡£³ý¾²Âö¸øÒ©Í⣬ÆäËû¸øҩ;¾¶¾ùÓÐÎüÊÕ¹ý³Ì¡£²»Í¬¸øҩ;¾¶ÎüÊÕËÙÂʵÄÒ»°ã¹æÂÉΪ£ºÆøÎíÎüÈ룾¸¹Ç»×¢É䣾ÉàϸøÒ©£¾¼¡ÄÚ×¢É䣾ƤÏÂ×¢É䣾¿Ú·þ¸øÒ©£¾Ö±³¦¸øÒ©£¾Æ¤·ô¸øÒ©¡£ÆäÖпڷþ¸øÒ©ÊÇ×î³£Óá¢×ȫµÄ¸øҩ;¾¶¡£
£¨3£©¼ÁÐÍ¡£Ò»°ãÈÏΪ¿Ú·þ¼ÁÐÍÒ©ÎïµÄÉúÎïÀûÓöȵÄ˳ÐòΪ£ºÈÜÒº¼Á£¾»ìÐü¼Á£¾½ºÄÒ¼Á£¾Æ¬¼Á£¾°üÒÂƬ¡£
£¨4£©ÎüÊÕ²¿Î»µÄѪÁ÷Á¿¡£
3.Ê×¹ØЧӦ
Ê×¹ØЧӦÓÖ³ÆÊ×¹ýÏû³ý£¬Ö¸Ä³Ð©Ò©Îï¿Ú·þºóÊ×´Îͨ¹ý³¦±Ú»ò¸ÎÔàʱ±»ÆäÖеÄø´úл£¬Ê¹½øÈëÌåÑ»·µÄÓÐЧҩÁ¿¼õÉÙµÄÏÖÏó¡£Ê×¹ØЧӦÖ÷Ҫȡ¾öÓÚ³¦ð¤Ä¤¼°¸ÎÔàµÄø»îÐÔ£¬ÕâÖÖÏÖÏóÊǼÁÁ¿ÒÀÀµÐԵġ£Ê×¹ØЧӦÃ÷ÏÔµÄÒ©Îï²»ÒË¿Ú·þ¸øÒ©¡£
¾µäÕæÌâB
¡¾µ¥Ñ¡¡¿ÏÂÁйØÓÚ²»Í¬¸øҩ;¾¶ÎüÊÕ˳ÐòµÄ˵·¨£¬²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨??£©¡£
A.¾²Âö×¢É䣾ֱ³¦¸øÒ©
B.Ƥ·ô¸øÒ©£¾ÎüÈë¸øÒ©
C.ÉàϸøÒ©£¾¿Ú·þ¸øÒ©
D.¾²Âö×¢É䣾¼¡ÄÚ×¢Éä
Èý¡¢Ò©ÎïµÄ·Ö²¼
1.¶¨Òå
·Ö²¼Ö¸Ò©ÎïÎüÊÕºóËæѪҺѻ·µ½´ï¸÷×éÖ¯Æ÷¹ÙµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£
2.Ó°ÏìÒòËØ
£¨1£©Ñª½¬µ°°×½áºÏÂÊ£ºÒ©ÎïÎüÊÕÈëѪºó¶¼¿É²»Í¬³Ì¶ÈµØͨ¹ýÀë×Ó¼ü¡¢Çâ¼ü¼°·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦ÓëѪ½¬µ°°×½áºÏ¡£½áºÏÐÍÒ©Îï·Ö×ÓÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬²»Ò×ͨ¹ýÉúÎïĤ£¬²»ÄÜ·¢»ÓÒ©Àí×÷Óá£Ò©ÎïÓëѪ½¬µ°°×µÄ½áºÏͨ³£ÊÇ¿ÉÄæµÄ£¬ÓÎÀëÐÍÒ©ÎïÓë½áºÏÐÍÒ©Îïͨ³£´¦ÓÚ¶¯Ì¬Æ½ºâ״̬¡£ÓëÒ©Îï½áºÏµÄѪ½¬µ°°×Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨°×µ°°×¡¢Ö¬µ°°×¡¢¦Á1-ËáÐÔÌǵ°°×¡£
£¨2£©Ï¸°ûĤÆÁÕÏ£ºÓÐЩÓÎÀëÐÍÒ©ÎïҪͨ¹ýÌØÊâµÄϸ°ûĤÆÁÕϲÅÄܵ½´ï°ÐÆ÷¹Ù¶ø·¢»Ó×÷Óᣳ£¼ûµÄϸ°ûĤÆÁÕÏÓУºÑª-ÄÔÆÁÕÏ¡¢Ì¥ÅÌÆÁÕÏ¡¢Ñª-ÑÛÆÁÕÏ¡£Ö¬ÈÜÐԽϸߵÄÒ©ÎïÈÝÒ×ͨ¹ýѪ-ÄÔÆÁÕϺÍÌ¥ÅÌÆÁÕÏ¡£
£¨3£©ÌåÒºµÄpHºÍÒ©ÎïµÄ½âÀë¶È£ºÔÚÉúÀíÇé¿öÏ£¬Ï¸°ûÄÚÒºpHΪ7.0£¬Ï¸°ûÍâÒºpHΪ7.4£¬ÓÉÓÚÈõËáÐÔÒ©ÎïÔÚÈõ¼îÐÔ»·¾³Ï½âÀëÐͶ࣬¹Êϸ°ûÍâÒºµÄÈõËáÐÔÒ©Îï²»Ò×½øÈëϸ°ûÄÚ¡£¸Ä±äѪҺµÄpH£¬¿ÉÏàÓ¦¸Ä±äÆäÔÓеķֲ¼Ìص㡣
£¨4£©Æ÷¹ÙѪÁ÷Á¿ÓëĤµÄͨ͸ÐÔ£º¸Î¡¢Éö¡¢ÄÔ¡¢·ÎµÈ¸ßѪÁ÷Á¿Æ÷¹Ù£¬Ò©Îï·Ö²¼¿ìÇÒº¬Á¿½Ï¶à£»Æ¤·ô¡¢¼¡ÈâµÈµÍѪÁ÷Á¿Æ÷¹Ù£¬Ò©Îï·Ö²¼ÂýÇÒº¬Á¿½ÏÉÙ¡£ÈçÁòÅçÍ×ÄƾßÓиßÖ¬ÈÜÐÔ£¬Ê×ÏȾۼ¯ÔÚÄÔ×éÖ¯·¢»ÓÂé×í×÷Óã¬È»ºóÔÙ½øÈëÖ¬·¾×éÖ¯£¬Ê¹»¼ÕßÖð½¥ËÕÐÑ¡£¸ÃÏÖÏó±»³ÆΪҩÎïµÄÔÙ·Ö²¼¡£
£¨5£©Ò©ÎïÓë×éÖ¯µÄÇ׺ÍÁ¦£ºÒ©ÎïÓë×éÖ¯µÄÇ׺ÍÁ¦²»Í¬¿Éµ¼ÖÂÒ©ÎïÔÚÌåÄÚÑ¡ÔñÐÔ·Ö²¼£¬Ê¹Ä³Ð©×éÖ¯ÖеÄÒ©ÎïŨ¶È¸ßÓÚѪ½¬Ò©ÎïŨ¶È¡£Èçµâ¶Ô¼××´ÏÙ×éÖ¯Óи߶ÈÇ׺ÍÁ¦£¬µâÔÚ¼××´ÏÙÖеÄŨ¶È³¬¹ýÔÚÆäËû×éÖ¯µÄ1Íò±¶×óÓÒ¡£
£¨6£©Ò©ÎïתÔËÌå¡£
¾µäÕæÌâC
¡¾µ¥Ñ¡¡¿²»ÊôÓÚÓ°ÏìÒ©Îï·Ö²¼ÖÁ×éÖ¯µÄÒòËØÊÇ£¨??£©¡£
A.Æ÷¹ÙѪÁ÷Á¿
B.Ò©ÎïµÄ½âÀë¶È
C.øµÄÓÕµ¼
D.Ò©ÎïÓë×éÖ¯µÄÇ׺ÍÁ¦
ËÄ¡¢Ò©ÎïµÄ´úл
1.¶¨Òå
´úлָҩÎïÔÚÌåÄÚ·¢Éú»¯Ñ§½á¹¹µÄ¸Ä±ä¡£ÌåÄÚÄÜʹҩÎï·¢Éú´úлµÄÆ÷¹ÙÖ÷ÒªÊǸÎÔ࣬Æä´ÎÊÇС³¦¡¢Éö¡¢·Î¼°ÄÔ×éÖ¯µÈ¡£
2.´úлµÄ·½Ê½Óë²½Öè
´úл¹ý³ÌÒ»°ã·ÖÁ½¸öʱÏà½øÐУº¢ñÏà·´Ó¦ºÍ¢òÏà·´Ó¦¡£
£¨1£©¢ñÏà·´Ó¦Ö¸Ñõ»¯¡¢»¹Ô¡¢Ë®½â¹ý³Ì¡£
£¨2£©¢òÏ෴ӦΪ½áºÏ·´Ó¦£¬¸Ã¹ý³ÌÖÐÒ©Îï·Ö×ӽṹÖб©Â¶³öµÄ¼«ÐÔ»ùÍÅÓëÌåÄڵĻ¯