Part I  Research Background
  1  COREX Ironmaking Process
    1.1  Brief Introduction about Different Ironmaking Processes
      1.1.1   Blast Furnace
      1.1.2  Direct-reduced Ironmaking
      1.1.3  Smelting Reduction Ironmaking
    1.2  Brief Introduction about COREX Process
    1.3  COREX Process in China
    References
Part II  Physical and Mathematical
  Simulation of COREX Shaft Furnace
  2  Physical Simulation of Solid Flow in COREX Shaft Furnace
    2.1  Physical Modelling
      2.1.1  Apparatus
      2.1.2  Experimental Conditions
    2.2  Results and Discussion
      2.2.1  Characteristics of Solid Flow
      2.2.2  Effect of Variables on Solid Flow
      2.2.3  Effect of AGD Beams on Solid Flow
    2.3  Summary
    References
  3  Mathematical Simulation of Solid Flow in COREX Shaft Furnace
    3.1  DEM Model
    3.2  Model Validity
    3.3  Solid Flow Including Asymmetric Phenomena in Traditional SF
      3.3.1  Simulation Conditions
      3.3.2  Basic Solid Flow
      3.3.3  Effect of Discharging Rate
      3.3.4  Asymmetric Behavior of Solid Motion
    3.4  Summary
    References
  4  Effect of Discharging Screw on Solid Flow in COREX Shaft Furnace
    4.1  Influence of Screw Design
      4.1.1  Simulation Conditions
      4.1.2  Solid Flow in Base Case
      4.1.3  Effect of Screw Diameter
      4.1.4  The Optimized Case
    4.2  Influence of Uneven Working of Screws
      4.2.1   Simulation Conditions
      4.2.2  Effect of Adjacent Inactive Discharging
      4.2.3  Effect of Separated Non-working Screws
      4.2.4  Effect of Discharge Rate
    4.3  Summary
    References
  5  Gas-solid Flow in a Large-scale COREX Shaft Furnace with Center Gas Supply Device Through CFD-DEM Model
    5.1  CFD-DEM Model
    5.2  Model Validity
    5.3  Influence of CGD on Gas-solid Flow
      5.3.1  Simulation Conditions
      5.3.2  Particle Velocity and Segregation
      5.3.3  Voidage and Gas Distribution
      5.3.4  RTD of Gas and Solid Phases
    5.4  Influence of Burden Profile on Gas-solid Flow
      5.4.1  Simulation Conditions
      5.4.2  Burden Descending Velocity and Particle Segregation
      5.4.3  Gas Flow and Pressure Distribution
    5.5  Summary
    References
  6  CFD Simulation of Inner Characteristics in COREX Shaft Furnace with Center Gas Distribution Device
    6.1  Mathematical Modelling
      6.1.1  Governing Equations
      6.1.2  Boundary Conditions
    6.2  Results and Discussion
      6.2.1  Model Validation
      6.2.2  Influence on Gas Flow
      6.2.3  Influence on Gas and Solid Composition
    6.3  Summary
    References
Part III  Physical and Mathematical Simulation of COREX Melter Gasifier
  7  Numerical Simulation of Combustion Characteristics in the Dome Zone of the COREX Melter Gasifier
   7.1  Mathematical Modelling
      7.1.1  Governing Equations
      7.1.2  Chemical Reaction Mode
    7.2  Simulation Conditions
      7.2.1  Properties of the Recycling Dust
      7.2.2  Geometry and Boundary Conditions
    7.3  Result and Discussion
      7.3.1  Model Validation
      7.3.2  Interpretation of Base Model
      7.3.3  Effect of the Flow Rate of Rising Gas
      7.3.4  Effect of the Component of Rising Gas
      7.3.5  Effect of the Temperature of Rising Gas
    7.4  Summary
    References
  8  Numerical Simulation of Pulverized Coal Injection in the Dome Zone of COREX Melter Gasifier
    8.1  Mathematical Model
      8.l.1  Governing Equations
      8.1.2  Chemical Reaction Model
    8.2  Simulation Conditions
    8.3  Results and Discussion
      8.3.1  Model Validation
      8.3.2  Effect of PC1 in Dome Zone on the Performance of COREX MG
    8.4  Conclusions
    References
  9  Mathematical Study the Top Gas Recycling into COREX Melter Gasifier
    9.1  Mathematical Modelling
      9.1.1  Description
      9.1.2  Establishment of the Mathematical Model
      9.1.3  The Top Gas Recycling Process
      9.l.4  Nitrogen Accumulation
      9.1.5  Calculation Method of CO2 Emissions
    9.2  Results and Discussion
      9.2.1  Effect on Theoretical Combustion Temperature
      9.2.2  Effect on Dome Temperature
      9.2.3  Effect on Fuel Rate
      9.2.4  Effect on CO2 Emissions
    9.3  Summary
    References
  10  Influence of Cohesive Zone Shape on Solid Flow in COREX Melter Gasifier by Discrete Element Method
    10.1  Simulation Condition
    10.2  Results and Discussion
      10.2.1   Influence of Cohesive Zone Shape on the Mass Distribution
      10.2.2  Influence of Cohesive Zone Shape on the Velocity Distribution
      10.2.3   Influence of Cohesive Zone Shape on the Normal Force Distribution
      10.2.4  Influence of Cohesive Zone Shape on the Normal Force Distribution
    10.3  Conclusions
    References
  11  Influence of Burden Distribution on Temperature Distribution in COREX Melter Gasifier
    11.1  Experimental
      11.1.1  Experimental Apparatus
      11.1.2  Experimental Conditions
      11.1.3  Experimental Procedures
    11.2  Experimental Results and Discussion
      11.2.1   Influence of Radial Distribution of Relative DRI to Lump Coal and Coke Volume Ratio on the Temperature Distribution
      11.2.2  Influence of Coke Charging Location on the Temperature Distribution
      11.2.3  Influence of Coke Size on the Temperature Distribution
    11.3  Conclusions
    References
Part IV  Simulation of Fine Particles Behavior in COREX
  12  Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Dust
      Accumulation in Bustle Pipe of COREX Shaft Furnace with
      Areal Gas Distribution Beams
    12.1  Experimental
    12.2  Mathematical Model
    12.3  Results and Discussion
      12.3.1  Characteristics of Dust Accumulation
      12.3.2  Effect of Blast Volume
      12.3.3  The Mechanism of Dust Accumulation
    12.4  Conclusions
    References
  13  Numerical Study of Fine Particle Percolation in a Packed Bed
    13.1  DEM Model
    13.2  Simulation Conditions
    13.3  Results and Discussion
      13.3.1  Comparison between Cubical and Sphere Particles
      13.3.2  Effect of Cohesive Force on Percolation Behavior
      13.3.3  Effect of Key Variables on Percolation Behavior
    13.4  Summary
    References
  14  Dynamic Analysis of Blockage Behavior of Fine Particles in a Packed Bed
    14.1  Blockage Behavior of Fine Particles
      14.l.1  Simulation Conditions
      14.1.2  Blockage Distribution and Mechanism
      14.1.3  Effect of Charging Number of Fine Particles
      14.1.4  Effect of Initial Velocity
    14.2  Influence of Cohesive Force
      14.2.1  Simulation Conditions
      14.2.2  Blockage Formation and Mechanism
      14.2.3  Effect of Sticking Force on Blockage
      14.2.4  Effect of Other Key Variables on Passage and Blockage Behaviour
    14.3  Summary
    References
  15  CFD-DEM Study of Fine Particles Behaviors in a Packed Bed with Lateral Injection
    15.1  Simulation Conditions
    15.2  Model Validity
    15.3  Results and Discussion
      15.3.1  Effect of Gas Velocity
      15.3.2  Effect of Diameter Ratio
      15.3.3  Effect of Mass Flux
      15.3.4  Effect of Rolling Friction
      15.3.5  Clogging Mechanism
    15.4  Summary
    References