1 General Introduction
  1.1  Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steelmaking
    1.1.1  Metallurgical Function of EAF
    1.1.2  Development of EAF Steelmaking
  1.2  Injection Methods in EAF Steelmaking
    1.2.1  Oxygen Supplying Technology
    1.2.2  Oxygen Burner Technology
    1.2.3  Sub - supersonic Jet Technology
    1.2.4  Bottom - Blowing Technology
    1.2.5  Slag Foaming with Carbon Powder Injection
  1.3  Technologies of Gas - Solid Injection in Steelmaking Process
    1.3.1  Free Gas - Solid Injection Outside of the Molten Bath
    1.3.2  Submerged Gas - Solid Injection Within Molten Bath
  1.4  New Technology of Submerged Gas - Solid Injection in EAF Steelmaking
    1.4.1  Technological Advantages
    1.4.2  Key Technical Problems to Be Solved
  References
2 Mechanism of EAF Steelmaking with Submerged Mixed Injection
  2.1  Introduction
  2.2  Efficient Dephosphorization with Submerged O? - CaO Injection
    2.2.1  Analysis of Dephosphorization Mechanism
    2.2.2  Comparison of Dephosphorization Effect
  2.3  Improving Scrap Melting by Carburization with Submerged Carbon Powder Injection
    2.3.1  Experimental Installation
    2.3.2  Experimental Schemes
    2.3.3  Results and Discussion
  References
3 Impact Characteristics of Submerged Gas Injection
  3.1  Introduction
  3.2  Numerical Model and Water Model Experiment
    3.2.1  Numerical Model
    3.2.2  Water Model Experiment
    3.2.3  Model Validation and Error Analysis
  3.3  Theoretical Modeling for Submerged Gas Jet
    3.3.1  Assumptions
    3.3.2  Theoretical Modeling
  3.4  Analysis of the Theoretical Model
    3.4.1  Analysis of the Theoretical Model
    3.4.2  Analysis of the Water Model Experiment
    3.4.3  Analysis of the Numerical (CFD) Simulation
    3.4.4  Erosion of the Refractory Around the Submerged Injector
  3.5  Conclusions
  References
4 Impact Characteristics of Coherent Supersonic Jet
  4.1  Introduction
  4.2  Numerical Modeling and Water Experiment
    4.2.1  Numerical Modeling
    4.2.2  Water Experiment and CFD Model Validation
  4.3  Hybrid Modeling for Jet Impact Characteristics
    4.3.1  Assumptions
    4.3.2  Theoretical Modeling of the Jet Penetration Depth
    4.3.3  Theoretical Modeling of the Jet Impact Zone Volume
    4.3.4  Hybrid Modeling
  4.4  Results and Discussion
    4.4.1  Analysis of the ε - Value
    4.4.2  Analysis of the V - Value
    4.4.3  Validation of the Jet - mass Calculation
    4.4.4  Analysis of the Jet Penetration Depth
    4.4.5  Analysis of the Jet Impact Zone Volume
  4.5  Conclusions
  References
5 Modeling and Arrangement of Submerged Nozzles
  5.1  Introduction
  5.2  Water Model Experiment
  5.3  Numerical Modeling
    5.3.1  Assumptions
    5.3.2  Governing Equations
    5.3.3  Model Validation
  5.4  Results and Discussion
    5.4.1  Model Validation and Orthogonal Test Results
    5.4.2  Analysis of Water Model Experiment
    5.4.3  Analysis of Numerical Simulation
    5.4.4  Industrial Application Research
  5.5  Conclusions
  References
6 Combined Blowing and Industrial Application
  6.1  Introduction
  6.2  Water Model Experiment
    6.2.1  Model Instruments and Orthogonal Test Scheme
    6.2.2  Results of the Water Model Experiment
  6.3  Numerical Simulation
    6.3.1  Numerical Modeling
    6.3.2  Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results
  6.4  Industrial Application Research
    6.4.1  Industrial Application Scheme
    6.4.2  Analysis of the Industrial Application Results
  6.5  Conclusions
  References
7 Innovations of Injection Metallurgy in EAF Steelmaking
  7.1  Introduction
  7.2  Coherent Jets with COMI
  7.3  Submerged Powder Injection with CO?
  7.4  Submerged Powder Injection with CO?
  7.5  Bottom Blowing CO? in EAF
  7.6  Bottom Blowing CO? in LF
  7.7  Cyclic Utilization of CO? in EAF - LF Steelmaking Process
  7.8  Summary and Conclusion
  References